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Brief description

Brief description

To meet the exhaust emission requirements applicable in certain markets, the cars are equipped with one of the following exhaust emission control systems:


Crankcase ventilation

• The exhaust gases passing the pistons and piston rings must be allowed to exit the engine. If the crankcase gases are not evacuated, the pressure in the crankcase will continue to increase until something gives. The crankcase gases must not pass into the engine bay, as they contain large amounts of unburnt hydrocarbons. To evacuate the gases, there is a system that recycles the hydrocarbons and lessens the pressure in the crankcase. See Crankcase ventilation



Three way catalytic converter

• To reduce the amount of harmful exhaust gases, the car is equipped with a three-way catalytic converter. The engine's exhaust gases pass through the catalytic converter where the catalytic material starts a chemical process. Provided that the closed loop fuel injection system maintains the fuel-air mixture at an optimum level, the catalytic converter reduces nitrous oxides (NO x ) and oxidizes carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC). The end products are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), water (H 2 O) and nitrogen (N 2 ).

The catalytic converter can reduce emissions provided the fuel is unleaded, since lead destroys the active components in the catalytic converter.

In order to attain complete exhaust emission control in the shortest possible time in accordance with demands for LEV cars (Low Emission Vehicle), there are two catalytic converters fitted in series on these cars.

The temperature of the catalytic converter must be kept high and by fitting it so close to the turbocharger outlet as possible, it will heat up faster and start to work earlier in the process. The capacity of the front catalytic converter is not sufficient for the complete emission control process, so a second catalytic converter has also been fitted. Diagnosis is performed by 2 oxygen sensors located after the first catalytic converter.

The dual catalytic converter system has been introduced for reasons of space. To heat up the catalytic converters as fast as possible with the exhaust gases, T7 will increase idling speed and retard the ignition for a period after starting. This increases engine temperature.

Both are three-way catalytic converter, i.e. they control emissions of CO, HC and NOx.

See Closed loop fuel injection system .



Closed-loop fuel injection system

• The catalytic converter has a high conversion ratio within a very narrow range. If the fuel-air mixture is not kept within this range, one or more gases will exceed permitted limits. A closed loop fuel injection system guarantees a correct fuel-air mixture. The level of oxygen is measured by an oxygen sensor that informs the Trionic or Motronic engine control module. The control module governs the fuel injection pulses so ensure the correct fuel-air mixture. See Closed loop fuel injection system .



Evaporative emission system

• Hydrocarbons that vaporize in the fuel tank are passed through a pipe to a container filled with active carbon (EVAP canister) and are stored in the active carbon while the engine is stationary. The fuel vapour is then drawn into the engine and burnt together with the ordinary fuel mixture when the car is driven. All LEV cars are fitted with ORVR. See Evaporative emission system .