Normal ignition timing
Normal ignition timing |
The ignition must be advanced as engine speed increases because the combustion pressure would otherwise act on the pistons too late and hence reduce the efficiency of the engine.
A load increase means that a larger quantity of air is drawn into the cylinder during each induction stroke (mg air/combustion). This gives rise to a higher gas pressure with the result that the speed of combustion increases. For this reason, the ignition must be retarded when the load increases.
A matrix in the control module memory contains the ignition timing data for each load and engine speed. The ignition timing is optimized for maximum torque for the current engine speed, which also coincides with maximum efficiency and, accordingly, lowest fuel consumption. Due to the asymmetric turbo installation, there is an ignition matrix for each cylinder bank.
The Compensation section, see , explains why normal ignition timing must sometimes be slightly advanced or retarded, as it can also be affected by other factors besides engine load and rpm.